Kind Of Letter

What is Letter? Letter Definition, Types of Letter, Definition of Letter – A letter is a written message sent by one person to another. In other words, a letter is a piece of conversation by post. So, when we transfer any written message through mail, it can be termed as letter.

What is Letter?

According to Oxford Dictionary, “A letter is a message that is written down or printed on paper and usually put in an envelope and sent to somebody.”

From the above discussion, it can be said that a letter is a written message, printed or hand written, that is sent to someone by other through post or mail or in some other way. 

Types of Letter

Letter is an important symbol of human civilization. It has been used as a media of exchanging information from the primitive age. Letter can be categorized into different types based on formalities maintained, information contained, purpose of use etc.

A detailed description of the above mentioned letters is given below successively

Formal Letter: The letter which is written according to the formal rules and regulations of an organization is called formal letter. This type of letter always maintains the formalities of the office strictly. Institutional and business letter fall in this category.

Informal or Personal Letter: The letter which does not follow any formal rule and contains personal information is known as informal or personal letter. This type of letter is written to relatives and friends for exchanging news or feelings or to seek favors. The basis of writing personal letter is personal relationship.

Business Letter: The letter which contains commercial information and is written among business people is called business letter or commercial letter. Business letters are formal, structured and non-personal. Commercial letter contains information relating to trade inquiry, circular, order, complaint, claims, adjustment, collection relating to trade inquiry, circular, order, complaint, claims, adjustment, collection etc.

Official Letter: When letter is written containing the official information like rules, regulations, facts and figures, activities, system, procedure etc. it is called official letter. In other word, when a letter is written following the official decorum, it is known as official letter. Officials use this type of letter to send official message to other branches and offices. Official letter strictly follows the prescribed rules, regulations, structure and style of the office.

Social Letter: Letter that is written on any social occasion or purpose is called social letter. Invitation letters for different programs, thanks letter, condolence letter, congratulation letter etc. fall in the category of social letter. It is actually one kind of personal letter.

Report Letter: Letter that is prepared in the form of report or investigation and is sent to the person, who has assigned it, is called report letter. In real sense, it is a short report in the form of letter. The letter sent to the sales manager by the sales man on every day’s sales volume in an example of report letter.

Notice Letter: Notice letter is a letter that is sent to a person notifying or informing him about any special topic.

Circular Letter: A letter that circulates or announces the same information or message to a large number of people at a time is called a circular letter or a circular. Announce of new product, change of business address, retirement or admission of partner etc. requires circulating the certain message. For this purpose circular letter is written.

Order Letter: When the quotation of the seller satisfies the queries of the prospective buyer, he places order through an order letter. So, after granting the quotation, the letter which the buyer writes to the supplier or seller, requesting him to deliver the prescribed amount of goods is called an order letter.

Complaint Letter: However efficient an organization may be in running a business, everything does not go all the time according to plan. There will be some mistakes and some accidents. Letters written to bring these mistakes to the notice of those who must own the responsibility for them are called claim or complaint letters.

Employment Letter: Letters which are written in case of employment are considered as employment letter. Job application letter, appointment letter, joining letter, promotion letter etc are examples of employment letters.

Beyond the above mentioned categories there are some other letters also such as bank letter, public letter, level letter, increment letter, permission letter etc.

Source : http://bizcommunicationcoach.com

Part Of Speech

In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. This article will offer definitions and examples for the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar:  noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective,conjunction, preposition, and interjection. 

1. Noun

This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary school.

Examples:

•  Tom Hanks is very versatile.

            The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.

•  Dogs can be extremely cute.

            In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.

• It is my birthday.

            The word “birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.

There are different types of nouns namely:

•  Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.

Examples: Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones

• Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places.

Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series

•  Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.

Examples: folder, sand, board

•  Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive through your five senses.

Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery

• Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.

Examples:  kitten, video, ball

• Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to quantify them.

Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter

Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter

Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of lions)

2. Pronoun

A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.

Sample Sentences:

• Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
• The largest slice is mine.
• We are number one.

The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.

3.  Adjective

This part of  a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.

Sample Sentences

• The carvings are intricate.

The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun “carvings.”

•  I have two hamsters

The italicized word “two,” is an adjective which describes the number of the noun “hamsters.”

• Wow! That doughnut is huge!

The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun “doughnut.”

4. Verb

This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence.

Examples of “State of Being Verbs” : am, is, was, are, and were

Sample Sentences:

• As usual, the Stormtroopers missed their shot.

The italicized word expresses the action of the subject “Stormtroopers.”

• They are always prepared in emergencies.

The verb “are” refers to the state of being of the pronoun “they,” which is the subject in the sentence.

5. Adverb

Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.

The different types of adverbs are:

• Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.

Example: Annie danced gracefully.

The word “gracefully” tells how Annie danced.

• Adverb of Time- this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done.

Example: She came yesterday.

The italicized word tells when she “came.”

• Adverb of Place– this tells something about “where” something happens or ”where” something is done.

Example:  Of course, I looked everywhere!

The adverb “everywhere” tells where I “looked.”

• Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.

Example: The child is very talented.

The italicized adverb answers the question, “To what degree is the child talented?”

6. Preposition

This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.

Examples of Prepositions: above, below, throughout, outside, before, near, and since

Sample Sentences:

• Micah is hiding under the bed.

The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “under the bed,” and       tells where Micah is hiding.

• During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.

The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “during the game,” and   tells when the audience cheered.

7. Conjunction

The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.

Examples of Conjunctions:  and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so

Sample Sentences:

• This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
• Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.
• Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.

The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.

8. Interjection

This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.

Sample Sentences:

• Ouch! That must have hurt.
• Hurray, we won!
• Hey! I said enough!

Source : http://partofspeech.org/